The last one seems to be a tool (fits into a lantern tool post). There are no markings I can read. If I had to guess....some sort of "speed of revolution" gauge?
I think this one is a precursor to a "tool post grinder" which you put into your tool post, use the cross slide to set a diameter close to the hole you're attempting to enlarge, and then a round section belt from an overhead countershaft drives the grindstone on this little baby. You use the knurled handhold on the RIGHT to move the grinding stone to left and right and then use the cross slide handwheel to move the grinding function to a larger radius.
This is a tool type which is more commonly seen on the small "watchmakers" lathes in the WW pattern. Those round cross section belts have a fair amount of give and you could have a stationary countershaft and still have a fair amount of "latitude" with your cross slide motion before the belt jumps off the sheeves.
Looking up to the pix above this, I see a pulley with "curved" spokes. Again, this looks like it's set up to drive a round section leather belt. (U-shaped belt groove.) This is likely the drive pulley for the grinding head.
The other two pix are of the standard lathe reversible countershaft and a "lay shaft" which might have somehow taken the curvy spoked pulley?
Just a thought.
Yup, I know it's a rare thing.
I'm kind of scaring myself here....
Best,
Joe in NH