If you could post a picture or describe it better, you can get a better answer. If the jaws are 2 piece and the screws you talk of are the ones that hold the tops on the masters, those would be one option. Also, many chucks have screws that extend through the chuck and hold on the backplate. Some chucks will remove those screws from the front and others from the back. Typically those don't hold jaws on...so will kinda figure you want the screws to hold the tops on the masters.
For either you will need to know what size screw you need, and if you measure the diameter you should be able to go get a couple TPIs of that size to try. I would go to a hardware store to figure out what size it is.
Either way, you might want to take your chuck and/or both jaws with you. When you know the size, then you can order the proper type online from McMaster-Carr, Fastenal, Enco/MSC, etc...if you can't find them locally. Some of the socket head cap screws or similar might be difficult to find locally.
Cheers,
Alan