Apparently Hardinge did some amount of contract manufacturing, at lest in the early days - I have a microscope that's a repurposed opthalmoscope, with a rack & pinion that's labeled Hardinge Chicago.
Perhaps someone in the UK asked Hardinge to make some lathe parts for them? OP says "Everything that needs to be good is good, but it's as though they didn't have the time to add the finishing touches".
Maybe the original constructor of the lathe had the ability to make most of the lathe but contracted the more complicated compound to Hardinge?
I've seen a few examples of period pricing, my impression is that an equivalent lathe from Hardinge/Stark/Ames etc would have been mutiples of thousands of dollars in 1920's/30's dollars, so it's easy to imagine someone buying the important parts and making the easier parts.