We've had some threads here about similar youtubes taken in Pakistani shops. In one youtube, a cast iron diesel engine block from a tractor has some pretty heavy damage. The mechanic repairs it by oxyacetylene cast iron welding. That's the short description. The preheating and maintaining of heat in the block during welding was done using a fire on the ground surrounding the block. The fuel for the fire was dried cow pies (dried manure). At least one cylinder's wall had a good chunk taken out of it, and some cracks and chunks out on the top deck surface of the block. The mechanic was using cast iron rod and flux with an oxyacetylene torch. As the torch got too hot and evidently must have 'flashed back' into the torch, the mechanic dunked the torch into a handy bucket of water. This went on continuously as he welded the block. He evidently got a weld which was machineable, some porosity evident in the youtube, but the block was re-bored and re-decked.
Pakistani youtubes are inspiring and also can make a believer out of most people. Namely, the Pakistanis work in minimal clothing, no real protective gear, and at least the mechanics in the youtubes have two good eyes and no visible impairments. They work with beat-up machine tools, seem to have iron foundries on every block, often next to disparate businesses such as kebob stands. They rebuild stuff we'd scrap. My reason for my reference to 'make a believer out of most people' is based not only on the working conditions in the Pakistani machine shops, truck repair shops, foundries and similar, but on their heavy trucks. The Pakistani roads are more like goat trails, often wending thru steep and snaky mountain passes with deep potholes, rockslides and washouts being more common than not. The Pakistanis seem to continuously repair and rebuild and modify trucks. The repairs and modifications they do to heavy truck frames, and the repairs they do to suspension and brakes would never be allowed on US roads. Taking trucks in the condition the Pakistani trucks are in, running them way overloaded on marginal tires over those goat trail roads is a leap of faith. The repairs or what they call a 'rebuild' often consists of washing parts in a dented pan of dirty gasoline or diesel fuel, and re-using the old bearings and seals. If gear teeth in truck transmissions or rear ends are chipped or broken off, the Pakistanis simply stick weld gobs of metal onto what's left of the gear teeth. They turn the OD on one of their belt-headstock lathes (these seem to be the most popular design there- a vee belt headstock with back gearing). Once the OD of the gear is turned (never mind how true to center it is), they take an angle grinder with thin wheel and freehand grind the welded repairs to what seems like original tooth geometry. Aside from the issues with gear tooth geometry, I have been wondering about gear tooth hardness and whether a stick weld (often run with a locally made AC 'Buzz Box" welder- another set of youtubes shows curbside guys winding the transformers for these welders) run with a carbon steel electrode will crack away from the kind of alloy steel used in truck tranny and rear end gearing.
As soon as a truck is repaired or rebuilt, before it leaves the shop, the bigger deal is the 'truck art'. Ornate designs, pictures of birds and other animals, and writing in Pakistani (or maybe Arabic ?) calligraphy is painted on every available surface of the truck. An extended front bumper with assorted ornamentation is also built on, and often, a wooden door is used for cab access. The Pakistani truckers are a two man team- an apprentice driver is carried to walk in front and determine the best route on some of mountainous roads, as well as to help with repairs.
The Pakistani foundries are a whole other topic. They are the original and most direct recyclers. Scrap metal from any shop in the neighborhood is melted in the foundries, scrap from metal stamping plants and anything else goes into the charges into the furnaces. The molders work barefoot and ram the molds by tromping on top of the molding flasks with their bare feet. No safety equipment, working barefoot or in sandals even when pouring molten iron (or more likely semi-steel given what gets charged into the furnaces).
In Pakistani forge shops, chunks of old ship's anchor chain links are re-forged into sledge hammer heads. Forging furnaces are fired on waste oil with home made burners. The forge shop guys toss chunks of orange-hot steel around the shop, from furnace to the men at the hammers.
I doubt there is anything like local building codes, zoning, let alone anything like OSHA or child labor laws. It is common to see young boys who would be in grade school or middle school in the USA working in all of these Pakistani shops.
The thing to bear in mind when watching any of these youtubes is the people in those youtubes are making-do with what they have at hand. Rather than bitch about what they don't have or wait for some do-gooder foreign aid organization to come along, these people are doing for themselves. These people are not ignorant about what the modern world is doing- they all have the latest in cell phones and often can be seen taking pictures of the work. They have internet access, so are well aware of what more developed countries- even regions in their own countries- are doing.
ANother set of youtubes is made by a young lady in CHina. She seems to be an ace at manually rewinding electric motors and generators. She lives in some mountainous region, and some of the people do not have grid power. They rely on one-lung slow turning diesels belted to generators. In one memorable youtube, this young lady packs about a 15 Kw iron frame 2 bearing generator on her back to deliver it after repair. She puts a packstrap around her forehead and hoists the generator in a packbasket on her back and walks some distance with it. Her tools consist of a claw hammer with a whittled handle, wire cutting pliers, a multimeter, compressor and sandblaster, and an oxyacetylene torch. In one episode, she rewinds and repairs a buzz box welder and puts it to good use.
As I've said before, it is easy to throw rocks at people who use methods that are crude and unsafe by our standards. Looking at the bigger picture of where they live and what their lives are like, these people should serve as an inspiration to those of us fortunate enough to be living the lives we are born into. When some young would-be hotshot starts bitching that their welding shield either does not have a big enough field of vision, or lacks the wild graphics that the next guy's shield has, they need to take a look at some of these youtubes. I've seen and heard how some people (aka 'prima donnas' or spoiled brats who would not make a pimple on a real mechanic's ass) carry on about stuff that has no bearing on their own lack of skill and lack of mental faculties. People in these youtubes are showing they are using their God-given gifts to figure out how to get a job done with what is at hand and not complaining or finding reasons not to. That, to me, is the over-riding and most important thing.