These days, "discussion" mostly.
"BC(NC)" - when Hardinge was still king.... if a firm needed 500,000 itty-bitty spacers or bushings a year, they sent-off for "Swiss screw machine" or a B&S "Automatic" quote. Then waited.
If they only needed 50,000, and/or SOON? They bought one of these, tooled it, sat a bored min-wage housewife or HS kid at it, and made the whole lot in a week or three, then idled it and re-assigned the operator to, for example, soldering transistors into PCB's. Or re-tooled and made 10,000 to 50,000 of some other wee widget.
Not all the jobs that went to CNC, China, or Mexico are actually MISSED, BTW..
DAMHIKT, but, "Oh, BTW", min-wage for that s**t was 88 cents an hour, so management liked Hardinge a great deal more than we did.