WE are a small manufacturer. 99% of our parts are our own product part numbers. Those are all 3 digit part numbers.On our Fanuc controls, all have to start with a capital O, as in O1234. I use the part number, preceeded by the O, and followed by a zero if it's the only program for that part. Or if it's the program for the first operation on parts with more than one operation. Any parts with multiple operations get the second operation designated with a subsequent number. 1-9. O, then the three digit part number, then the suffix number.Usually I use 5 for the suffix if there is only one secondary operation. Part number 134, for instance, would be O1340, for the first op. Second op would be O1345.
Now, we get to sub routines, which I use a LOT. These can be handled by any of the other numbers not 0 or 5. O1341, O1342 and so on. If I run out of numerals, I can occasionally alter the first number of the part number to the next number in sequence. Say I have enough subs that I've used O1349, and need more. Then I go to O2341, and so on. This could(and has)gotten confusing, if there is a 234 part number,and if it also needs subs written. If that is the case, I write in a note in the first lines of code, inside parenthasis, explaining what is going on here. This is usually sufficient. Otherwise, I can just pick a number way higher than my part numbers run, and make a note on the print header. O6000, or similar. I very seldom have to, but it has happened before.
We have a few "customer part numbers" that we build on occasion. I use the first four digits, and alter the first digit sequentially. O7347 becomes O8347 for the second op or for a subroutine. It sounds confusing, but it really isn't. If I had thousands of programs, it could be. But that isn't the case in our operation.
In our Okuma lathes, we can use more digits, so we just use the part number, along with a description of the op. SH141STI is a shaft(SH) number 141(our pn) STI( our customers custom spec). Very simple, once you get the hang of it.
It just has to make sense to you. There is no convention to adhere to. Long as it works for your shop, and your people grasp it, you're good.