I have seen half ring type measuring apparatus with a ball and screw like an inside mike on an outside frame but requires quite a bit of room to get in there. Have never used one. All home made out of pipe or whatever and a bolt. The cool part was using a nylon nut on the bolt to add stiffness and a lock to the screw. Quite clever. Dunno how well it works.
I usually use inside spring calipers also. My advice, work out what’s going on. When I did my first job using them I thought to myself I got to figure this out, I concluded the way in which you hold them, pressure if any applied to hold one end in position, and the way you mic up after removal all add inaccuracy. Sort that out and I think you will be fine. Just keep it all the same. I can usually get within half a thou between spring caliper and inside mic feel. For larger bores I measure near the halfway point with an inside mic to the bar, then the opposite side of the bore to the bar, then add the two plus bar diameter and that is usually pretty good. Just be careful how you measure it seems only a few atoms is needed between loose and tight feel during measuring and finding the bar high spot can be tedious.