Jason, looks like a great piece to start with, Complete sure helps, cleaning dirt is always so fulfilling, because you can quickly see the result. Semi-instant gradification.
While the tie down method you used worked well, home safe and sound. If anything other than the perfect ride you had happened, the result would have been anything but pretty. And that is something that you should prepare for, In your short haul the chances were very small that you would need to stop short, or swerve quickly, if you had the machine would well have come off the truck.
The problem is a strap across the lathe base has no force to hold the lathe down, the idea is to prevent it from moving. If you wrapped the strap one turn on each around the headstock and tailstock for each strap that would have prevented side to side movement. Then a strap attached to the rear of the lathe to the end of the truck bed would prevent the most common problem of sliding forward under hard braking. A truck that size has about 1000HP worth of brakes. Your concern of going uphill and the lathe sliding backwards can be seen by the angle you put on the strap at the headstock end, but you had nothing at all keeping it from sliding forward under braking, and far more restraint is needed in that direction, than the slight force of gravity when goind up hill.
I used to move heavy machinery, backhoe, Dozers etc. I always tied them down, some guys just set the brake an go. I overheaded a backhoe on a bridge, broke the pintle hook, front end of the truck pulled in the air, backhoe still attached to the trailer when I stopped. Had it not been tied right, a far more ugly picture would have been painted.
I don't mean to take away from your successful move, but want to point out to someone that may read this, that things went all in your favor on this move, its not always that way.
Good luck with your new 10EE, make chips.